Despite major government incentives and a growing consumer shift toward EVs, U.S. EV upstarts are facing major headwinds. The race is on to secure a spot in the future EV market, but supply chain delays, plummeting stock prices, and competitive legacy OEMs are posing major hurdles for the top contenders. Many of these upstarts are securing early deals with corporate buyers and investors, but are these partnerships enough to help the upstarts maintain launch velocity - and staying power?

Ammonia production and utilization can be CO2 free, but its use for energy applications remains a relatively new area of research, and the promising technologies enabling its use must be further developed before ammonia can safely and cost-effectively play a significant role in shifting the country away from fossil fuel dependence.

Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) and Direct Air Capture (DAC) technologies could offer powerful solutions for removing carbon dioxide from emissions sources and even the ambient atmosphere. But to enable CCUS and DAC to achieve their full potential and tap into the practically limitless supply of incoming and atmospheric carbon, we also need to think about demand for the captured product. Developing new end applications for captured CO2 can spur an external demand shock that drives wide and profitable deployment of the technologies.